Food research scientists at the Department of Food Science and Technology of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) have discovered a harmful banned substance, Erythrosine (Red Dye No. 3), in some tomato pastes sold on the Ghanaian market.
Erythrosine, commonly used as a colouring agent in candies, toffees, and drinks, is not permitted by the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) for use in tomato paste due to its associated health risks. The dye, which may appear on product labels as “Number 3,” has been linked to various health concerns and was recently banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA).
The study, conducted in Accra and Kumasi, assessed the quality of tomato concentrates widely sold in Ghana. Researchers analysed eight different brands that met standard labelling requirements. While all samples conformed to the expected physical characteristics—ranging from red to dark red in colour with a paste-like consistency—some raised serious concerns.
Key findings include:
- Erythrosine was detected in two samples, despite not being listed on the labels.
- Starch content was found in some samples, ranging from 1 g/100 g to 24 g/100 g, even though starch is also not allowed in tomato paste production.
- Some brands contained less than the required 24% natural tomato content.
Dr. Abena Boakye, the lead researcher, emphasised the need for stricter regulations on tomato paste and other food products containing Erythrosine. She urged the Ghana FDA to not only ensure its removal from tomato products but also extend oversight to confectioneries, candies, and drinks where the harmful dye is still in use.
“The findings should fuel further research and inform policymakers on the necessary steps to ensure the safety of food products available to consumers,” Dr. Boakye stated.
The study, published in the International Journal of Food Science, reinforces longstanding concerns over food safety and the need for stronger monitoring of imported and locally produced food products in Ghana.
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